Heat-transfer apparatus



Dec. 3, 1929.

J. N. JACOBSEN HEAT TRANSFER APPARATUS 3 Sheets$heet 1 Filed June 6.1927 M km Dec. 3, 1929.

J N. JACOBSEN HEAT TRANSFER APPARATUS Filed June 6, 1927 3. Sheets-Sheet2 INVENTOR Q/ems VZ/ZzcpZsew W. E N Du O T M A Y AN N Dec. 3, 1929. JUN.JACOBSEN 1,737,849

HEAT TRANSFER APPARATUS Filed June 6. 1927 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR76,725 2V. tjco sen/ L'SATTORNEY Patented Dec. 3, 1929 FATE OFFICE JENSN. JACOBSEN, OF ALAMEDA, CALIFORNIA, ASSIGNOR TO THE PFAUDLER COM- PANY,OF ROCHESTER, NEW YORK, it CORPORATION OF NEW YORK HEAT-TRANSFERAPPARATUS Application filed June 6, 192?.

This invention relates to heat exchangers and particularly to heatexchangers of the type in which the fluid to be heated or cooled ispassed through tubes which are immersed in a heating or cooling fluid.

An object of this invention is to provide an apparatus of the above typewhich is capable of thoroughly efficient and dependable operation.Another object is to provide a heat exchanger which is of simple anddurable construction and which may be quickly and conveniently assembledor dismantled. Another object is to provide improved means for impartingrotational movement to the body of heating or cooling fluid as it passesthrough the heat exchanger. Another object is to provide means forremoving gases from the heat exchanger. Another object isto provide animproved structure for permitting expansion and contraction of the tubeswithout damage to the apparatus. Other objects will be in part obviousor in part pointed out hereinaften.

The invention accordingly consists in the features of construction,combinations of elements, and arrangements of parts as will beexemplified in the structure to be hereinafter described and the scopeof the application of which will be indicated in the following claims.

In the drawings in which is shown one of the various possibleembodiments of this invent-ion,

Figure 1 is a side elevation of the assembled apparatus Figure 2apparatus Figure 3 isan end elevation of the appsratus;

Figure 4 is a longitudinal. section taken substantially on the line 4i lof Fig. 2;

Figures 5- and 6- are views: of the end doors, taken substantially onlines 55 and 66 of Figure l;

Figure 7 is a transverse sectional view taken substantially on line 7-7of Figured; and

Figure 8 is a fragmentary sectional view showing the tube, header, andend door assembly, portions of the tubes being broken away.

is a plan view of the assembled Serial No. 196,688.

Similar reference characters refer to similar parts throughout theseveral views of the drawings.

The heat exchanger of this application comprises two main units whichmay be termed a drum or jacket and a tube assembly. The drum comprisesan inner tubular shell 10 having hollow annular manifolds 11 and 12attached thereto at opposite ends and an outer shell 13 which extendsover the manifolds and encloses the inner shell. The inner and outershells are spaced apart.

The tube assembly comprises apertured header members 14 and 15, aplurality of tubes 16 having their opposite end portions fixed withinthe apertures in the headers, and recessed door members 17 and 20. The.inner surfaces of the door members between the cavities and the outersurfaces of the header members between the apertures are ground toprovide smooth plane surfaces which areadapted to lie fully in contactwith each other when the doors are applied to the headers Thus, thenecessity for the provision of. the usual sealing gasket of rubber orother pli able substance is eliminated. T-bolts 21 pivoted on brackets22 carried by the header members are adapted. to enter slots formed inthe brackets or lugs 23 carried by the door members and, with the nuts24, serve to clamp the door members in position on the header members.The cavities and apertures of the door and header members are soarranged that a fluid entering, for instance, through the conduit 25mounted in the threaded aperture 26 in the door member 20- will passsuccessively through each tube 16 and out of the apparatus through theconduit 27 mounted in a second threaded aperture 30 in the door member20. For convenience the door members may be removably hinged and latchedas at 31 and 32.

One of the important features of this apparatus is the structure whichpermits the tube assembly to be removed as a unit from the drum forcleaning and other repair purposes. The header 15 and door 20 are ofsuch sizes that when mounted on the tubes they may be passed through thedrum to their normal operative positions as shown in Figure 4. Theflange 33 carried by the header 14 limits the movement of the tubeassembly, and bolts 34 passing through the flange 33 and entering themanifold 11 are provided for locking the tube assembly in position inthe drum. The flange 33 and the inwardly projecting annular shoulder 35fit tightly against the manifold and provide a leakproof joint. Aflexible connection between the drum and the opposite end portion of thetube assembly is provided for permitting longitudinal expansion of thetubes without injury to the apparatus. The smooth outer surface of theinner end portion of the header 15 makes a sliding contact with thesmooth inner surface of the annular flange 36. The stufling box 37 andthe sliding contact between the header 15 and flange 36 permit movementof the header 15 relatively to the manifold 12 as the tubes expand orcontract as a result of temperature changes.

By merely removing the bolts 34 the enti re tube assembly may bedisconnected from the drum, and, when the conduits 25 and 27 aredisconnected in any suitable manner, the entire tube assembly, includingtoe tubes, headers, and doors, may be withdrawn from the drum as a unit.If desired, the door 20 may be disconnect-ed from the header 15 be forethe tube assembly is removed.

In the embodiment shown in the drawings the apparatus is adapted for usein raising the temperature of a fluid passing through the tubes 16.Water, to be used as a heating medium may be introduced to the interiorof the shell 10 through the connection 40 at the bottom portion of thedrum. The manifolds at the opposite ends of the drum areconnectedthrough the horizontal conduit 41, the L-shaped conduit 42 andstand-pipe 43 which communicates with the hollow interior of themanifold 11 at the top thereof. 'An overflow pipe 44 communicates withthe interior of the stand-pipe at a point above the point of connectionof the Lshaped conduit with said stand-pipe. The conduit 41 is providedwith a steam connection 45 which carries a steam nozzle 46. The steamnozzle 46 projects within the conduit 41 to a point beyond the point ofconnection of the L-shaped conduit with said horizontal conduit.

When the apparatus is in use, the tubes may be connected in any suitablemanner with a source of supply of the fluid to be heated. The system isfilled with the heating medium to a level above the point of connectionof the L-shapcd conduit-with the stand-pipe. Since the system isnormally closed except for the steam inlet and the stand-pipe overflow,a current of steam issuing from the nozzle 46 will cause a circulationof the heating liquid through the system. The steam will force theheating liquid along the conduit 41 into the drum through the manifold12 and out of the drum to the conduit 41 through the manifold 11 andconduit 42.

The body of heating liquid in passing through the drum will have arotational movement due to the effect of the slots 47 in the inner wallof the manifold 12. The heating liquid entering the drum through thesaid slots or passages will be given a rotational movement about thelongitudinal axis of the drum which will be maintained during thepassage of the liquid through the drum. The slots or passages in theinner wall of the manifold 11 may be disposed similarly to those in themanifold 12, or they may be oppositely disposed to aid in theelimination of the heating liquid from the drum. The rotational movementinsures uniform mixing and rapid and thorough circulation of the heatingfluid over the surfaces of the tubes. Thus, a highly desirable rate ofexchange of heat may be obtained, since the rate of exchange of heatbetween liquids on opposite sides of a wall is proportional to the ratesof movement and through agitation of the liquids.

The steam which enters the system is condensed, and, as the amount ofwater in the system builds up through condensation of the steam, theexcess flows out through the overflow pipe 44. As a result of theprovi-' sion of the stand-pipe 43 and overflow pipe 44, it is possibleto maintain constant pressure in the system which factor aids inmaintaining the desired temperature regulation. A considerable amount ofair or other gases may enter the system with the steam and if noprovision is made for its elimination it may collect in various portionsof the apparatus and prevent the heating fluid from completely coveringthe tubes, thereby reducing the efficiency of the apparatus. For thepurpose of eliminating gases from the system, there is provided a gasconduit 50 which communicates with the stand-pipe 43 and with theinterior of the drum adjacent its highest point. Gases which enter thedrum are conducted through the conduit 50 to the stand-pipe and out theoverflow pipe 44 to the atmosphere.

From the foregoing, there is herein provided an apparatus which embodiesthe features of this invention and achieves the objects thereof. A heattransfer apparatus is provided which is of simple and durableconstruction and thoroughly efficient and dependable in operation.

As many possible embodiments maybe made of the above invention, and asmany changes might be made in the embodiment above set forth, it is tobe understood that all matter hereinbefore set forth or shown in theaccompanying drawings is to be interpreted as illustrative and not in alimiting sense.

I claim as my invention:

it will be seen that 1. A heat transfer apparatus comprising a drum forreceiving a fluid, conduit means communicating with the interior of saiddrum at spaced points, means for circulating a fluid through said drumand said conduit means, and means for giving the fluid a rotary motionin said drum.

2. A heat transfer apparatus comprising a drum, a plurality of tubes forreceiving a fluid to be treated positioned within said drum, conduitmeans communicating with the interior of said drum at spaced points,means for circulating a treating fluid through said drum and saidconduit means, and means for giving the treating fluid a rotary motionin said drum.

3. A heat transfer apparatus comprising a drum, a plurality of tubes forreceiving a fluid to be treated mounted within said drum, conduit meanscommunicating with the interior of said drum at spaced points, means forcirculating a treating fluid through said drum and said conduit meansand means for agitating said treating fluid.

4. A heat transfer apparatus comprising a drum, a conduit communicatingwith the interior of said drum at spaced points, means for introducingsteam into said conduit, and

a stand pipe communicating with the interior of said drum.

5. A heat transfer apparatus comprising a drum, a conduit communicatingwith the interior of said drum at spaced points, a stand-pipecommunicating with the interior of said drum, and a gas conduitcommunicating with said stand-pipe and the interior of said drum.

6. In a heat transfer apparatus, a drum comprising a tubular bodyportion and a hollow annular manifold having slots formed in its innerwall, and a conduit having one end portion communicating with theinterior of said manifold and its opposite end portion communicatingwith the interior of said body portion at a point spaced from saidmanifold.

7. A heat transfer apparatus comprising a drum, a plurality of tubesmounted within said drum, and means for circulating a fluid within saiddrum around said tubes, said means including a channel extending aroundthe periphery of said drum and having a plurality of ports establishingcommunication between said channel and the interior of said drum, eachof said ports being arranged at an acute angle to a line drawnperpendicular to the wall of said peripheral channel at said port.

8. A heat transfer apparatus comprising a drum, a plurality of tubesmounted within. said drum, and means for circulating a fluid around saidtubes within said drum, said means including a conduit extendingcircumferentially around said drum and separated from the interior ofsaid drum by a wall, and

a plurality of slots extending through said wall to establishcommunication between said conduit and the interior of said drum, saidslots being arranged at an acute angle to the radii of said wall so thatfluid passing through slots travels substantially in a tangentialdirection.

9. A heat transfer appar tus comprising a plurality of tubes forreceiving material to be treated, substantially horizontally arrangedjacket surrounding said tubes, conduit means connected to the top ofsaid jacket adjacent one end thereof and also connected to jacketadjacent the other end thereof, and means for circulating a fluidthrough said jacket and conduit means.

10. A heat transfer apparatus comprising a plurality of tubes, a jacketsurrounding said tubes, conduit means connected to said jacket at spacedpoints, means for circulating a fluid through said jacket and conduitmeans, and agitating nozzle means for causing agitation of thecirculated fluid around said tubes within said jacket.

11. A heat transfer apparatus comprising a plurality of tubes, a jacketsurrounding said tubes, a standpipe connected to the top of said jacketadjacent one end thereof, conduit means connecting said standpipe tosaid jacket adjacent the other end thereof, and means for circulating afluid through said jacket and conduit meansv 12. A heat transferapparatus comprising a plurality of tubes, a jacket surrounding saidtubes, a standpipe connected to said jacket adjacent one end thereof,conduit means connecting said standpipe to .said jacket adjacent theopposite end thereof, and a connection from an. intermediate point ofsaid acket to said standpipe.

JENS N. JACOBSEN.

